40% of Designated Drivers Drink Before Driving
In theory, the "designated driver" arrangement seems pretty easy: You go out drinking with friends, one friend abstains, and that friend drives home. But in practice, according to new research published on Monday in The Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, a large percentage of designated drivers swill booze anyway. A trio of Florida researchers studied drinkers in an unnamed Florida city, and through on-the-street interviews and Breathalyzer tests found that "approximately 40%" of designated drivers chose to consume alcohol before driving others home. A full 17 percent had breath alcohol concentrations between 0.02 to 0.049 grams (per 210 liters); 18 percent posted 0.05 grams or more. For comparison, the federal threshold for the offense of driving while intoxicated is a blood alcohol content level of 0.08, which the National Transportation Safety Board has recommended lowering to a standard 0.05 BAC, which is legally interchangeable in the U.S with breath alcohol concentration.
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The concept of "designated driving" is actually a fairly recent invention — it originated in northern Europe before spreading to North America in the late 1980s, via Harvard's famous Alcohol Project — so it's conceivable that kinks still need to be worked out. But millions of Americans have been educated about the effects of alcohol, thanks in no small part to the lobbying power of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Indeed, the Florida study's authors suggest that their findings "identify the need for consensus across researcher, layperson, and communication campaigns that a [designated driver] must be someone who has abstained from drinking entirely."
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This isn't likely to fall on deaf ears: according to MADD, nearly 10,000 Americans were killed, and approximately 350,000 were injured, by drunk drivers in 2011, the last year for which data if available.
