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    Is American Medicine Too Test Happy?

    THURSDAY, Dec. 29 (HealthDay News) -- If you've had a medical procedure lately, you probably first had blood tests, an imaging test like an MRI or ultrasound, perhaps an electrocardiogram and possibly more.

    "Is all this really necessary?" you might have wondered.

    That's a question that doctors themselves are now raising as a growing body of evidence suggests that overuse of diagnostic testing may be harming patients' health and driving up health-care costs.

    "There is clear overuse or misuse of certain kinds of tests for certain patients," said Dr. Steven E. Weinberger, executive vice president and chief executive officer of the American College of Physicians.

    So should doctors exercise more restraint, or should patients take a more active and skeptical role in their care?

    Weinberger believes the answer lies somewhere in the middle. "There needs to be an honest conversation in both directions, with a clear understanding about what is and isn't necessary," he said.

    Experts agree that excessive testing is costing the U.S. health-care system billions through waste. Weinberger said that some estimates have suggested the cost could run as high as $200 billion to $250 billion a year, an amount equal to about 10 percent of the total amount spent on the nation's health care.

    But the true cost is borne by patients who face increased health risks associated with diagnostic testing, he said. Dr. Anthony Shih, executive vice president for programs of the Commonwealth Fund, a private health policy research foundation, agreed.

    "Although most patients are aware that procedures carry some risks, they are less aware that tests carry risks," Shih said.

    Diagnostic testing, in fact, carries three main risks, Weinberger and Shih said:

    • Risks directly related to the test itself, such as the radiation exposure caused by imaging tests.
    • The risk for a false positive, which can lead to a string of other unnecessary follow-up tests and procedures, each with their own sets of potential health hazards.
    • The risk that a condition will be identified that never would have been clinically significant but now will probably be treated.

    A routine electrocardiogram, for example, might identify some nonspecific condition that leads to a cardiac catheterization, an invasive medical procedure that carries its own set of health risks, Weinberger said.

    "Unnecessary testing is not necessarily benign," he said. "It can lead to situations that can pose health risks to patients."

    Clearly, patients should become more active in asking whether tests are necessary. But as most anyone who's been a patient can attest, asking such questions can be daunting for anyone, but especially for a sick person who needs treatment.

    Weinberger said he has personal experience when it comes to the difficulty of challenging tests as a patient. He recently had arthroscopic surgery for a knee injury, but before the procedure he had to undergo a battery of diagnostics that included lab tests, a chest X-ray and an electrocardiogram -- all unnecessary, as far as he could tell. And yet, he had the tests without questioning them.

    "My experience shows you how hard it is," Weinberger said. "If there's anyone who was in a position to question these tests, it's someone like me." But, he admitted, "you don't want to antagonize the person who's going to provide your care. Sometimes the easiest road is to just go along."

    His organization, the American College of Physicians, has started tackling the issue through what it calls its High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Initiative, which aims to reduce unnecessary testing by educating physicians and patients alike on the benefits, harms and costs of tests linked to specific ailments.

    "We're basically trying to develop a list of those types of things that are overused and explore the evidence behind why they are overused," Weinberger said.

    Shih said that people who are facing diagnostic tests should use such resources to educate themselves and then feel free to question their doctor about the tests that have been ordered.

    "The patient should always ask what the test is looking for, what the potential harms are for the test, and what the next steps are if the test finds something," he said. "As the tests get more invasive and more complex, I would be more careful about asking for the reasoning behind each test."

    Ultimately, however, both patients and doctors need to keep in mind that the necessity of tests is a very specific and personal matter, Shih added.

    "It's important to recognize that for any given patient, even with the exact same condition, the decision may not be the same," he said. "It depends on the values and preferences of each patient."

    "Some patients want to be absolutely sure, while other patients may be more comfortable with uncertainty," Shih explained. "There is no hard-and-fast rule for which tests might be appropriate for each situation."

    More information

    The U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has more on communicating with your doctor.

     

    18 comments

    • LilKitten  •  San Antonio, Texas  •  4 mths ago
      I don't believe all tests are unnecessary but there are many that are. Recently I was in the emergency room and was charged $12,000 for sitting in a room for 5-1/2 hours and receiving a total of 20 minutes of care, that included all the time I spent with a nurse and doctor. I didn't mind having am CAT scan as it was necessary for them to determine the problem but what were the xrays for that had nothing to do with the issue at hand, don't know what all the blood tests were for...in the emergency room they do what they want and charge you regardless of the necessity of the tests and then charge you for sitting there unattended for over five hours hoping they find a problem that fits with all the tests. Personally, I don't see why anyone needs to sit in the emergency room for that long and be charged so much for nothing. Even if necessary I won't do it again - unless I have total control over what tests are done or not done.
    • jake  •  4 mths ago
      Doctors are just covering their butts from lawsuits; but every patient has the right to reject the tests. If your doctor still insists, then switch to another doctor. My doctor only insists on necessary tests (like certain blood levels before renewing a prescription), but allows us to refuse less necessary tests. He charts that he suggested it and it was refused, so he is not liable if a related conditions results later. He also does not insist that we have follow-up appointments every 6 months. He hopes we'll come in annually, but does not require that, as long as we have the necessary blood-work for prescription renewal.
    • ScorpionLeather  •  4 mths ago
      First fix lawyers' abuse of the malpractice legal system, and then unecessary medical exams will fix themselves.
      • A Yahoo! User 4 mths ago
        Lawsuits (legitimate and other) only add 2% to health care costs and are a vital balance to a system that is rife with abuse.
    • cosmo  •  4 mths ago
      Am sick of cookie-cutter doctoring! My previous doctor ALWAYS had at least two to eight tests on me prior to a visit. He then looked in a drug cos handbook to prescribe medicine. in four years, nothing worked! Am now much better due to getting prescriptions from a PA that listened to me!
    • Regina  •  Doylestown, Pennsylvania  •  4 mths ago
      It's not just cover your butt, it makes good medical sense to ensure that a patient doesn't have underlying conditions before performing an elective surgery. I have a friend who was going for knee arthroscopic surgery, and a routine EKC beforehand showed some abnormalities. Two days later, while at the hospital for more testing, she coded and almost died from heart disease that no one knew that she had. She was hospitalized and coded three more times before they were able to stabilize her on medications. If she had knee surgery without the pre-anesthetic testing, she certainly would have died during the surgery, and everyone would have been asking why no one had even checked her heart beforehand.
      • jake 4 mths ago
        How did she even get as far as knowing she needed new knees without a doctor detecting that serious of a heart issue?
    • Edwin  •  Honolulu, Hawaii  •  4 mths ago
      Malpractice...that has always been my understanding for running a whole battery of tests. Lawyers have a field day whenever something is overlooked and something goes wrong. So what do you do? Check to make sure everything is working.
    • OwlStorm  •  Richardson, Texas  •  4 mths ago
      We are a test-happy culture because we are a lawsuit-happy culture!! Doctors feel they have to do all these unecessary tests because if they don't, and they miss something or something goes wrong, the patient or family is going to come back and sue the pants off them. We need to fix that part of the system before we can address the over-testing issue. I don't blame the docs for doing that one bit- I would do the same thing. It's called CYA.
    • pudge  •  4 mths ago
      I have also heard the reason the doctors are so test-happy is because they have no idea how much these tests costs. And many will "accidentally" bill for things (like epidurals during birth that the patient never received) and the insurance will pay for it anyway - one mom complained about it and the insurance company just shrugged it off and paid for it anyway. If you multiply that by a couple hundred, thousand? who knows- births, that is a lot of money. The cesarean is the most common surgery performed in the US, and the c-section rate is 33 percent. You can't tell me that all of those are completely necessary.
    • TOO OLD  •  4 mths ago
      Happens entirely too often. I was the recipient of a bunch of testing done for the sole purpose of CYA, not because the tests were indicated or necessary. PS: I spent 45 years working in healthcare, so I know CYA when I see it.
    • Dom  •  4 mths ago
      Everyone has their bogeyman for the root of waste in healthcare expense. The underlying problem however, is that when you receive medical treatment you may be the patient, but you are not the customer: your insurance company (or Medicare/Medicaid etc.) is. In other words, someone else is footing the bill.

      As long as that is the case, and as long as you are willing to spend someone elseโ€™s money differently from how youโ€™d spend your own, we will never fix the problem. For example, would YOU opt for that expensive MRI scan to rule out a break, when your doc says it is most probably just a sprain โ€“ if it cost YOU $2000? Would you opt for the $100,000 cancer treatment that has a 5% chance of extending your life for another six months โ€“ if YOU (or your surviving heirs) had to pay the tab? Answer โ€œnoโ€ to these kinds of questions and you are part of the problem.
      • DIANE 4 mths ago
        Medicare isn't free. Lots of people pay monthly premiums to have it. I don't know about Medicaid so I can't comment on that.
    • Deborah  •  Westland, Michigan  •  4 mths ago
      I had arthoscopic surgey and my physician didn't require a chest x-ray but the hospital billed me anyway. I caught it becauase it was the only thing my insurance didn't fully pay.
    • pudge  •  4 mths ago
      This is why national healthcare will not work in this country. Because this type of medical model is way too expensive and we're already prone to abuse, both from patients and doctors. Sometimes the 'old way' is better - but we are so far gone from that idea (treating patients conservatively, and paying attention to them as individuals) that we can probably never come back from it, because if patients don't feel that their doctor is doing everything under the sun, they stomp their feet and complain and then call the ambulance. The flip side of that is that doctors treat every minor thing like an accident waiting to happen - like the chicken pox vaccine, which is now mandatory. Since when did chicken pox become a "disease?" When you're filling your pockets with pharmaceutical $$ you just start drinking the KoolAid, unfortunately.
    • King Psychopath the Great  •  Olympia, Washington  •  4 mths ago
      Too many test is NOT why health care costs are absurdly high. It is simply because so many people don't have insurance now and they get treated anyway. Their expenses are routinely shifted onto the bills of the paying customers. Why that is acceptable, I don't know. But it illustrates why a mandate to carry health insurance in necessary.
      • A Yahoo! User 4 mths ago
        Health care is expensive because of FOR PROFIT insurance, which takes vital health care dollars out of a system and gives it to shareholders and executives.
        its completely un-necessary and should be illegal.

        Insurance used to be a service provided by an employer as a perk and to keep employees healthy so they work better. It was never meant to be an industry of its own.
    • Cashish  •  4 mths ago
      "American Medicine" is designed to keep you sick or kill you, nothing more. Just ask the doctors and researchers that have actually cured cancer and HIV only to have their houses firebombed and their families threatened. You now have to go to exotic places for these cures.
    • paul  •  Las Vegas, Nevada  •  4 mths ago
      americas health care is way too much under the control of the big pill companies who give back to doctors who prescribe their wares and the power they have in the congress and senate here in america is extremely crimminal else where in the world when something is discovered that can benifit the human race it is adopted many yeaqrs faster so the citizens of that country can reap the benefits but here in america it is another story too ,any people haave their hands into the health system here and money is the reason not good health or care
    • A Yahoo! User  •  4 mths ago
      Blame FOR PROFIT insurance companies.
    • A Yahoo! User  •  4 mths ago
      That's just silly. A simple blood test only costs about $100 and can diagnose many possible diseases. What's problematic is when a doctor sends a patient home and they get very sick because the insurance company pays a doctor to not test and not diagnose, but instead to save money so the insurance company can give out bonuses to its executives.
    • Lisa  •  Tyler, Texas  •  4 mths ago
      People who are not medically educated should not judge what is medically necessary. Not all docs practice defensive medicine, but the vast majority want the best for their patients, and not all are money hungry. Fed up with docs always being made out to be the bad guy. With all the paperwork and red tape it takes sometimes just to get a test approved by an insurance company , believe me, you have to love taking care of people to continue practicing medicine especially in the primary care arena. It is easy to say a test is unnecessary after the test was done and was normal, but if you were the person whose life was saved because you had that preoperative ekg and they found out you had heart disease before your little knee surgery , and you didnt have a heart attack on the surgical table , you might think different.
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