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    Big Space Science in an Era of Austerity

    This story comes from the Yahoo! Contributor Network, where individuals publish their unique perspectives on some of the world’s most popular websites.
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    Scientists, especially astronomers, are starting to feel more than a little angst about the willingness of governments to fund big science projects in an era of huge budget deficits. Space projects are particularly vulnerable in the current climate.

    Why are astronomy projects so big and expensive?

    A story in Space Review suggests space-based telescopes that seek to answer long standing questions about the universe are inherently expensive. Building instruments large enough so that they can peer to the edges of the universe, image other worlds and other celestial with increasing clarity, while sustaining themselves for years in the harsh environment in space is not a cheap endeavor. The government's tendency to stretch projects out to cut the annual expenditure on them while exploding their lifetime cost is also not helpful.

    The James Webb Space Telescope Example

    The prime example of a big science project mired in funding politics is the next big space based astronomy project, the James Webb Space Telescope. According to NASA, the JWST is the very definition of big science, with a 21.3 feet mirror and a sun shield the size of a tennis court. It has suffered cost overruns and had a near death experience last year when the House attempted to cancel the project. The funding was restored in conference with the Senate, but astronomers will not feel entirely secure until the telescope is safely built launched, scheduled in 2018.

    How Funding Big Science Works

    Within the NASA budget, programs compete for funding from a finite amount of money that most do not expect to grow while the budget deficit is so huge. Robotic space missions compete with crewed space flight. Big science like the JWST competes with smaller space science projects. The smaller projects are going to have to give up some funding to keep the JWST going.

    This results in a great deal of predatory budgeting in which supporters of one project try to get other projects cancelled in order to free up more funding. This has started a revival of the robots vs. humans controversy that has roiled through the space agency since its beginning. Supporters of projects such as the JWST believe that if larger, more expensive programs like the Space Transportation System and the Orion space craft were defunded, more money would be freed up for their favorites.

    What does the future hold?

    A story in Space.Com suggests some pessimism in the space science community. There is a belief that big projects like the JWST may only be affordable every 20 or 30 years. In any event, the budget pinch is likely to continue until national governments get their books into balance and the current economic downturn goes into full recovery, increasing tax revenues available for government spending.

    Mark R. Whittington is the author of Children of Apollo and The Last Moonwalker . He has written on space subjects for a variety of periodicals, including The Houston Chronicle, The Washington Post, USA Today, the L.A. Times, and The Weekly Standard.

     

    35 comments

    • Victory  •  Seattle, Washington  •  4 mths ago
      The James Webb Space Telescope will be an utter marvel allowing us to see deep into past near the very beginning of our universe. I can't comment on the nature of cost overruns, whether they necessary or wasteful. The project itself is entirely worthwhile.
    • Tejas  •  4 mths ago
      Number of comments shows how many people are actually interested in things like this. Apathy for science is a curse for mankind.
    • leroyred  •  Tampa, Florida  •  4 mths ago
      I kinda wonder, today nasa receives less than .5% of our national budget, when we went to the moon it was 4% of the national budget, and while I support our military it gets I think if I remember correctly around 34% of our national budget. What would we be able to do if NASA was given even a half of that?
    • VladY  •  4 mths ago
      An article on Snooki without makeup has over 4000 comments. This, has 24. Wow
    • JOSEPH J HOMAN  •  Pleasanton, California  •  4 mths ago
      anyone got spare change?
    • Redsidhe  •  Columbus, Ohio  •  4 mths ago
      Hope you weren't counting on your kids or grandkids having jobs. The research and new technology which comes from it will be created elsewhere. As will all the jobs that go with it.
    • Redsidhe  •  Columbus, Ohio  •  4 mths ago
      Big science today is what leads to the technological breakthroughs that future businesses are built on. If we'd started this kind of cutbacks in the 60's we would not have the internet today.
      • Greg. 4 mths ago
        You folks always hang your hat on the benefits to society that NASA provides. That may have been true in the 1960's, but not today. Who really cares about Velcro, pens that write upside down and orange juice and handheld calculators? They would have came around anyway. Let private enterprise do R&R, not taxpayers.
    • Lt. Nelson  •  Wilmington, North Carolina  •  4 mths ago
      We are wasting our life until we dedicate our lives to discovering the warp drive.
    • lee c scott  •  Maidenhead, United Kingdom  •  4 mths ago
      Last big budget cuts, 77-85, remote veiwing ops became popular, low cost, sometimes interesting if not amazing results, space exploration and death were 2 of the sideline projects, aside from tracking mobile nukes. the criteria was that ops had to be 100 per cent clean, no drugs or booze, messes up the alpha waves. back in the days when i was somebody, haha
      • lee c scott 4 mths ago
        we were all very young, mostly teenagers, the intel was apparently good enough to warrant money changing hands, but we never saw any of it.
      • lee c scott 4 mths ago
        "gleaning the cube" attempting to recover intel from a scientific research group (bunch of "squares"=cube, hippy slang for scientists)
      • lee c scott 4 mths ago
        innevitably, opposing groups went to a psychic war with one another, madness, sickness, accidents, addiction and more bad luck than you could fit in a minecart, looking forward to the pace picking up again, without excitement, whats the point.
    • James  •  4 mths ago
      Since we don't want to forget how to fly and have to learn it all over again, the best way to keep our rocketry skills sharp would be via a space defense program because somewhere out there is a comet or asteroid with our name on it, and if we don't develop the means to detect, intercept, and deflect it, absolutely nothing else will matter.
      • Jw C 4 mths ago
        True, eventually something will be headed for us. The problem is that nobody aside from people like you and I actually care and they wont until something actually is headed this way. Then they will complain about nothing being done beforehand. Personally, I think NASA should be allowed to solicit donations which they currently can not do. They can accept donations, but they can't actively go out and ask for them
      • Tejas 4 mths ago
        And not just asteroids gama ray bursts, supernovas and much more. The problem is that mankind is riddled with so much problems that lot of people actually think that space programs is waste. Until and unless a small asteroid hit earth, no one will really understand the importance of these things.
    • Urban Girl  •  Huntsville, Alabama  •  4 mths ago
      We need to get back to the moon before China does! We can pick up some H3 and forget foreign oil!
    • TAH-KOM  •  4 mths ago
      Science will always be limited when there's a checkbook involved. And by extension, this limits humans, human intelligence, our ability to help ourselves (via understanding how our world works) and how to best manipulate our natural gifts and natural resources with the least environmental repercussion. Limiting science limits our ability to survive and thrive. IMO -and it is simply IMO you don't have to agree- as a Jacque Fresco kinda girl, I firmly believe as long as a monetary system is upheld and fossil fuels are used, we won't be able to progress very much farther than what we already have. While there is a limit to the availability of fossil fuels, a monetary system can be ran indefinitely, but just because it can be, doesn't make it efficient. The way we do things now has been great for taking us all to the next step, unfortunately, it can't carry us past that step. People are only as stupid as they are trained to be, and only as intelligent as they are allowed to be, by their society.
    • TTown  •  4 mths ago
      It is really sad in a way, the original space program to put a man on the moon generated more advances in technology and medical science than any other endeavor. You can thank NASA and the those folks for the computers you are using to read this. Without their basic research and funding of research we would not have advanced our technology this far, this fast.
    • Robert L.B  •  4 mths ago
      Actually, space travel is not very costly. What is costly is our current technology to get us into outer space that is very costly. Our current space programs focus on using rockets to reach orbital speed and distance, and that is our current biggest mistake. I am not an expert in outer space or travel, but I am smart enough to know how to plan for me to one day go into outer space. Using new self designed technologies and reinvented current technology. I can use a retrofitted air craft to take off from a runway and fly directly into outer space at a constant rate of 500 mph. In theory it is impossible to fly above 60,000 ft in a winged aircraft and without engine oxygen, but I did say new technology and a retrofitted craft. According to my calculation, it will cost me approximately $5 million to fly directly into outer space, and construct an underground Moon base for around $20 million. Current space programs have large number of employees and facilities, whereas, I would only need a few rented or retired persons as ground crews. I bet NASA would have little problems loaning me a pilot for a jaunt to the Moon and back. One day I would expect to see NASA take a much less active role in space flight, and become more like our FAA in outer space. It will actually be business seeking profit that will push us to venture beyond our current confines, so I started a new company for the sole purpose of venturing into outer space for profit. The first business into outer space will end up making the largest amount of profit.
      • Clear Eyes 4 mths ago
        i walk on the moon most every night. you can travel anywhere in space if you have a mind to do so. it is the mindless who think they need a vehicle.
      • Robert L.B 4 mths ago
        At this time it is a little difficult to mine, smelt, and transport mineral resources back to this planet from our Moon with just your mind.
      • william 4 mths ago
        Too late the Justice League have a moon base already
    • Greg.  •  Los Angeles, California  •  4 mths ago
      NASA should be disbanded or at least privately funded. I don't want my tax money going to projects that benefit so few people.
      I'm sitting in traffic in Los Angeles for hours for a 15 mile commute because there is no money for highway improvement while NASA spends billions for their personal hobbies. Hey you ruling class life long politicians, join us real people sometime, you might be surprised at what you find out here.
    • Joshua  •  Capitol Heights, Maryland  •  4 mths ago
      By big science, you mean big government science. We see stories saying that other countries have more scientists than we do or are cranking out more PHD's. I'm skeptical that the vast sum of these people are substantially trained. Just because China is cranking out huge numbers of scientists doesn't mean that sector is growing. I've seen several other stories where Chinese scientists were struggling to find work with just two openings out of hundreds of applicants. Last I check it's been several American's taking home Nobel prizes. It's quality over quantity. While the purpose of going to the moon had nothing to do with generating profit, the argument that government spending creates jobs is void. It's a job program which is not centralized but sprawled all across the country for reasons of job security so that no single lab or group or institute could ever get the axe. And much of the technology used in the Apollo mission for example was already being developed by the private sector but on a small scale. We didn't have personal computers in the 60's so the first microprocessors had no real use to a vast majority of Americans when the first CPU's were put in the spacecraft and still they were rather primitive. The private sector built all of the Apollo hardware. NASA encouraged it's engineers to get the very first laptop computers in the 80's whose limited capacity while useful to them was never profitable to the company that made it except to the government that put out over 2 thousand dollars a piece for each one. All of which quickly went away when better laptops came out in the 90's. When Dwight Eisenhower gave his ending speech, keep in mind he led the largest mobilization of armed men in human history (the guy who spearheaded NASA), despite this he was weary of the idea of a vast majority of America's scientists being amalgamated into a few government think tanks (NASA, NOAA, DARPA, DOE, etc) that worked and was bent to it's will. I love science, I hate the fact that much of the scientific workforce has been absorbed by bureaucracies with bias or prejudice. Who's to say global warming isn't a good thing, most scientists say that would be terrible (even if they're not climatologists). But a new rush climatologists say otherwise touting the benefits of a slight increase in temperature. Michio Kaku is a smart guy, but I'm not trusting him with climate research because he's never done any, he's a physicist. Don't ask him whether that thing on your back looks benign either because he's not a physician, again he's a physicist. Ask him what stars are made of or why black holes suck.....But don't ask him about climate, medicine or anything else he wasn't trained to do. You don't hire a roofer to fix your sink or a plumber to fix your roof.
    • edharris  •  4 mths ago
      it is a shame the amount of people interested in this. Ohh no write a story about religion and all of its nonsense and it would increase the amount of comments. The human race is devolving into a just dumb, pathetic, religious, brainless, pack of drones.
    • gorknar smugbucket  •  Jersey City, New Jersey  •  4 mths ago
      Rather than a focus on observation and learning, (that most people don't seem to get because of their less than average intelligence) why not draw more attention and research towards goals with physical rewards such as space mining and colonization; one of the biggest problems facing today's future is the exponentially expanding population and limited resources of energy. We we're able to put a man on the moon over 50 years ago, lets try to put a #$%$ research and/or mining center on it at least. Maybe put more research into alternate forms of propulsion, because I know for a fact there will be no progress for the future of mankind if the fastest most efficient form of travel we can think of is lighting something on fire and throwing it behind us.
    • Mike Johnson  •  4 mths ago
      Yes because giving tax breaks to the rich is more important then laying the foundation for space travel. Just remember when you die you were able to buy more stuff then you needed at the cost of humanity. Luxury goods are more important then developing technology that will be the base of tomorrows technology.
    • Robert Retka  •  Manila, Philippines  •  4 mths ago
      Passionate supporters of space science here. The recent lot seems to use abusive language to those who disagree.
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