The Falkland Islands are back in the news with the six-week deployment of the Duke of Cambridge, Prince William, to the south Atlantic island group. The Telegraph reported William will conduct search and rescue training while deployed. Political tensions between Argentina and the United Kingdom have increased in recent months, inviting speculation over whether the countries would settle an unresolved dispute following the 1982 war.
Here's a look at the Falkland Islands:
Geography
The Falkland Islands consist of two primary islands, East Falkland and West Falkland, and nearly 740 other islands constituting 4,700 square miles of terrain, approximately the size of Connecticut. The islands are located approximately 400 miles off the most-southeastern tip of South America. Approximately 2,500 people live in the Falkland Islands -- 85 percent of whom live in Stanley. The overwhelming majority of residents are of British descent.
Economy
The major source of revenue is fishing, tourism and licensing fees. Mutton, beef and sheep wool are also in plentiful supply and exported around the world. Seafood is plentiful and regarded by many as a superior quality catch. In recent years, the Falkland Islands government has issued licenses to international drilling companies to explore oil and minerals off the coast. Bloomberg reported the discovery of underwater crude oil estimated to be approximately 8.3 billion barrels has again increased tensions with Argentina.
History
The islands were visited by British, French and Spanish traders since the 16th century, but settlements did not last more than a few years. The British asserted their claim to the islands in 1765, reasserting it again in 1833. Four years after gaining its independence from Spain, the Republic of Argentina laid claim to the islands -- a claim it still maintains today.
Spotters from the islands participated in the British Royal Navy victories against the German Navy in World War I and World War II. On April 2, 1982, Argentine troops occupied the islands until they were forced to surrender on June 14, 1982, to a British garrison that had be dispatched to repel the invaders.
June 14 is now an annual holiday observance known as "Liberation Day." Several monuments scattered across the East Falkland commemorate battles fought during the liberation. According to The Battle for the Falklands, 655 Argentine and 236 British soldiers were killed.
Government
The capital city, Stanley, is located on East Falkland and the home of Stanley harbor. The remainder of the island is referred to as "camp." The islands are considered an independent overseas territory of the United Kingdom, which provides only national defense for the islands.
The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented on the islands by Gov. Nigel Haywood, who is responsible for external affairs and defense. The civil government is administered by a chief executive (Tim Thorogood). The legislative assembly includes eight elected members, plus a speaker chosen from the community. The attorney general, chief executive and the commander of British forces are also entitled to sit in the assembly. The official language spoken on all the islands is English. The country has its own currency (the Falklands pound), but also uses British pound sterling, U.S. dollars or Euros.
Dan McGinnis is a freelance writer, published author and former newspaper publisher. He has been a candidate, campaign manager and press secretary for state and local political campaigns for more than 30 years.




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