Discover Yahoo! With Your Friends

Explore news, videos, and much more based on what your friends are reading and watching. Publish your own activity and retain full control.

To get started, first

YOUR FRIENDS' ACTIVITY

    The Week

    Can fracking cause earthquakes? 

    A sharp increase in Oklahoma's seismic activity has many wondering if underground drilling is responsible

    On Nov. 5, a 5.6-magnitude tremor rattled Oklahoma — one of the strongest to ever hit the state. Oklahoma is typically seismically stable with about 50 small quakes a year. But in 2009, that number jumped up to more than 1,000. Some people say the increasingly common use of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking — the controversial practice of blasting underground rock formations with high-pressure water, sand, and chemicals to extract natural gas — may have put stress on fault lines. Can human activity really cause the earth to move? Here, a brief guide:

    So humans can cause earthquakes?
    It has happened before. One "textbook case" occurred in 1967 in India, says Peter Fairley at IEEE Spectrum, when the reservoir behind the hydroelectric Koyna Dam was filled up. The added water "unleashed a magnitude 6.3 quake" by placing stress "on a previously unknown fault, killing 180 people and leaving thousands homeless."  See more: Could Mount Everest be the future of solar power?

    Why do people think fracking is to blame in this case?
    While it's not hard to imagine that injecting liquids underground at high pressure might somehow be related to seismic activity, there is actually "some evidence that fracking may induce minor tremors," says Bryan Walsh at TIME. In January, a flurry of about 50 "very small" quakes with magnitudes between 1.0 and 2.8 may have been the direct result of fracking, he says, citing a report from the Oklahoma State Geological Survey.

    But wasn't the Oklahoma quake much stronger?
    It was. A few experts say that the process of fracking for gas might not "pack nearly the punch of even a moderate earthquake," says Jonathan Fahey at the Associated Press. "The magnitude-5.6 quake that rocked Oklahoma had the power of 3,8000 tons of TNT," enough to damage buildings. The typical quake caused by fracking, in contrast, would merely cause dishes to rattle on the kitchen counter. See more: Coming soon: Solar cells you can wear? 

    So it wasn't the cause, then?
    The biggest Oklahoma quake was so strong it was almost certainly natural. But fracking isn't completely "off the hook," says Walsh. Even though "a typical gas frack is tiny compared with the power of even a minor quake," there's evidence suggesting that in areas like Arkansas and Texas — "where far greater amounts of drilling wastewater" are used to search for underground oil reserves — fracking "may put more stress on faults," making potential earthquakes even stronger. So now scientists are busy trying to figure just how big a quake human activity can cause.

    Sources: AP, IEEE SpectrumTIME

    View this article on TheWeek.com Get 4 Free Issues of The Week

    Other stories from this topic:

    Like on Facebook - Follow on Twitter - Sign-up for Daily Newsletter

     
    • timby  •  6 mths ago
      I don't understand. If I have a leaking heating oil tank. I have to have a hazmat team come out and take care of the problem at a large cost to me. However, NG companies can forces known toxic elements into the ground without any problems or cost. Hmmmmmm
    • Photon Wrangler  •  6 mths ago
      Pointing out that the energy of frack jobs is significantly lower than a magnitude 5.0 earthquake as proof that fracking can't cause large earthquakes is silly. It's like saying that a lumberjack can't cause a building's roof to collapse with a single swing of his axe. Obviously he can't. But several swings of his axe at a tree next to said building could certainly cause it to fall and crush that building. It's not the energy of the axe swinging that does the damage, it's the pent-up potential energy of the tree, released by his actions. But if it were my building, I wouldn't blame the tree. Or gravity. I'd blame the lumberjack for being an idiot.

      I have no proof that fracking can cause large earthquakes in this manner. No one does. But it is an idea worth thoroughly investigating.
    • Raft  •  6 mths ago
      Maybe it doesn't but it will poison your drinking water.
      • Kirara 6 mths ago
        In the past it has. Fortunatly, companies are changing their proceedures to make it safer (going down past aquifers and placing barriers
      • Zyghart 6 mths ago
        In the present... it still does :P
    • Mike R  •  Irvine, United States  •  6 mths ago
      Have you ever heard of triggering an earthquake. Earthquakes are caused by tectonic plate movement. When two plates or faults move against each other, they can get snagged and not move any further, but they build up energy. When they get passed the snag. It's like snapping a rubber band. Well the pressure from fracking could cause a minor earthquake that could trigger the faults to pass each other and snap, you have a major earthquake. You can't mess with the laws of physics or mother nature.
    • Man of Aran  •  6 mths ago
      Are they fracking under Virginia?
      • M 6 mths ago
        Yes, I think they are.
    • Kirara  •  Salt Lake City, United States  •  6 mths ago
      The pressures involved in an Earthquake are massive, so, as the article said, causing a large on is very unlikely. However, there is a possibility of weakling the fault which would hasten a large Earthquake. Then again, it could make the structure of the fault stronger and delay the Earthquake. The problem with Earthquakes is that they are completely unpredictable, so there is absolutely no way to tell if something hastened or delayed one.
    • LetReasonRule  •  6 mths ago
      @ John - gas prices are remaining stubbornly high because the US exports a significant amount of refined product. So - the oil imports you mention, which certainly put money into terrorist hands, is not done to assure US supply. It's done for oil company profits. Policies about fracking (and it's documented health and earthquake risks) were shaped by the oil industry's corruption of our government through their massive lobbying and campaign money.
    • RALPH W  •  Orange Park, United States  •  6 mths ago
      Time to face it. We are fracked.
    • Topcat  •  6 mths ago
      I highly suggest watching "GASLAND" By M. Fox (netflix) ~It's amazing what's going on that "we" don't know about!!!!!
    • anglermoose  •  Miami, United States  •  6 mths ago
      ....giving Mother Earth a high pressure, toxic, enema doesn't sound like a good idea to me...perhaps the exec's of the companies doing this as well as their employees and contractors and stockholders along with all their their families should be willing to take the same medicine to show the rest of us just how safe it is....
    • E-mc2  •  6 mths ago
      let us thank bush/cheney for letting big oil companys pollute our earth without any epa regulation...the world as we know it will soon be gone
    • Stormer  •  Mount Laurel, United States  •  6 mths ago
      One of the things that prevent the ground along the fault lines from slipping is friction. The liquids pumped into the fault area lubricate the fault line allowing for slippage. Hence, earthquakes.

      The same thing happened in Colorado when they pumped liquid into the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Earthquakes. They stopped pumping in, the earthquakes stopped.
      • Man of Aran 6 mths ago
        Were any of these movements ever recorded outside of the specific area in which they occurred? The most recent central state earthquakes have been felt as far away as Quebec. I seriously doubt that this was the result of a localized phenomenon.
      • Phil 6 mths ago
        It happened in Aurora, primarily, but was felt in Denver metro. I have extended family that was working at the armory during this period, so they saw the shaking first hand.
    • Lauren S  •  Sodus, United States  •  6 mths ago
      So keep fracking before you know what the consequences...smart,real smart
    • Lenzart  •  6 mths ago
      what the Frak?
    • BryanT  •  6 mths ago
      If fracking can cause small earthquakes it's not a big leap to imagine a small earthquake triggering a break in a fault resulting in a larger one.
      • Man of Aran 6 mths ago
        Which fault or faults are you referring to? Actual geologists can't seen to explain this, so I'm curious if you have the answer.
    • OTTO  •  Tampa, United States  •  6 mths ago
      The British did some studies and found a correlation between weak shallow earthquakes and fracking. An energy company in Britain actually accepted fault for causing the instability that resulted in the quakes.

      The US Geological Survey has been racking up data and though the data is not complete, the evidence that fracking causes instability is gaining acceptance.

      We can thump our chests with the knowledge that our intrusions on the planet are growing in scale and ingenuity. Looks like the planet is starting to thump back. I don't know why anyone would be surprised.
    • bobtr900  •  Youngstown, United States  •  6 mths ago
      Ask the Swiss. It happened to them. Then they stopped and the seismic activity stopped. so they stopped for good.

      In this area of Eastern Ohio(the Marcellus and Utica shale formations), we have gas wells, they have been producing for some 30yrs with no seismic activity. BUT just about 30 miles from here they very recently drilled and fracked 6 new wells. There have been more than three seismic tremors, shakes and rumblings. Also some people who live some 60 miles from here in Western Pa. have had their water contaminated, same as happened to those ranchers in Wyomin, or was it Montana? Those events were featured on TV.

      Many here are now beginning to conclude and say, that one can live without checks from gas but one CANNOT live without water!!!

      I hope this all turns out to be a temporary series of seismic events, the ground settles and the drilling can continue.
      • razor 6 mths ago
        U R wrong greenie!
      • Zyghart 6 mths ago
        Razor is a douchenozzle. All data and evidence points to a general lack of concern for human welfare, along with any wildlife. These people want money, and they don't care if it kills your kids, your mom, or your greasy granny.
    • jim2  •  Dallas, United States  •  6 mths ago
      When ever my wife and i are fracking the the kids think there is a earthquake upstairs, so yes fracking can cause an earthquake
    • Obie  •  6 mths ago
      Fracking probably doesn't cause earthquakes, but it sure helps.
    • The Godly Ungodly Wonderf ...  •  Santa Clara, United States  •  6 mths ago
      Its the aquafier, that is the common thread in earthquakes.