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Sharing syringes is a big no-no. But despite the warnings, needle sharing among injection drug users is still a significant cause for the spread of HIV and other infectious diseases. But HIV transmission due to needle sharing could be nearly eradicated by merely changing the design of the syringe. So says a study in the International Journal of Drug Policy. [William A. Zule et al., Are major reductions in new HIV infections possible with people who inject drugs? The case for low dead-space syringes in highly affected countries] When the plunger on a syringe is fully depressed, a small amount of fluid stays trapped in what is known as the "dead space." By reducing the amount of dead space in the syringe design, researchers say they can reduce the amount of infectious blood trapped inside by a factor of a thousand—and thus vastly reduce the numbers of viral particles available to spread disease. Using a simulation model, the authors found that switching to low-dead-space syringes could reduce annual HIV infections from syringe sharing to nearly zero within eight years. Although there are still a number of barriers to making low-dead-space syringes available worldwide, the authors say this low-cost intervention could help keep drug users—and their families—disease free. —Gretchen Cuda Kroen [The above text is a transcript of this podcast.] Follow Scientific American on Twitter @SciAm and @SciamBlogs. Visit ScientificAmerican.com for the latest in science, health and technology news.© 2013 ScientificAmerican.com. All rights reserved.
