Americans largely support Israel, but sympathy for Palestinians is on the rise

This month in Atlanta, as hundreds of pro-Palestinian demonstrators rallied downtown, one sign stood out: “We can’t breathe since 1948,” it read – a nod to the social unrest of the past year after the murder of George Floyd.

Experts said it’s a reflection of the way that American support for the Palestinian cause is growing, a trend that a Gallup poll showed was on the rise even before the most recent Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

“It’s not a huge surprise that a lot of nonwhite Americans can empathize and identify with Palestinians because of their own history of oppression and settler colonialism,” said Khaled Elgindy, senior fellow at the Middle East Institute in Washington. “The old image of Israel as David fighting the Arab Goliath, if it was ever true, is now completely obsolete. Israel is not the underdog anymore, and people realize that.”

Results of Gallup’s annual World Affairs poll, released in March, show that although most Americans still sympathize with Israel, favorable views of Palestinians are on the rise. Roughly 30% of overall respondents said they had favorable views of the Palestinian Authority, up from 21% in 2018 and higher than the annual average of 19% since 2001.

Such views are increasingly partisan: Republican support for Israel is at 85% compared with 77% of Independents and 64% of Democrats. The percentage of Republicans who view the Palestinian Authority favorably has risen to 19%, up from 9% in 2018.

That Palestinians and the Black Lives Matter movement gained support concurrently is not a coincidence, said Elgindy, director of the Washington institute's Palestine and Palestinian-Israeli Affairs program. Both are rooted in similar anger over a lack of accountability, police brutality and systemic racism, he said, especially among young people.

As buildings fall in Gaza and whole families are wiped out, and as the United States stays largely silent about the plight of Palestinians, he said, “that contrast has not been lost on large numbers of Americans who are starting to awaken to this. For a lot of young people who were in middle school the last time this happened and not necessarily politically aware, they’re coming of age politically, and they’re horrified.”

The area encompassing Israel and the Palestinian territories is home to about 6.8 million Israelis and 6.8 million Palestinians, according to Human Rights Watch. Israel exercises primary authority over the territories, which consist of Gaza, the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and Palestinian self-rule is limited. According to the human rights organization, the discrimination and subjugation experienced by Palestinians in parts of the territories are tantamount to apartheid and persecution.

Hamas, a militant group that controls the Gaza Strip, does not recognize Israel's right to exist and is designated a terrorist group by the United States and the European Union.

Omar Baddar, communication director for the California-based Institute for Middle East Understanding, said that even before the recent conflict, liberals had been increasingly critical of Israel and fired up about human rights, and “in that environment, it makes perfect sense that American support for Israeli apartheid would raise eyebrows."

According to the Gallup poll, although more Americans say the United States should pressure Palestinians more than Israel to resolve the conflict, those saying the onus is on Israel represent a new high of 34%, up from 27% in 2018.

Anti-Semitic incidents have hit record highs in recent years, according to a report from the Anti-Defamation League. There were 2,024 reported in the USA in 2020, the third-highest record since ADL began counting such incidents in 1979.

Baddar, who is Palestinian American, said the rising pushback against Israel has grown partly out of U.S. dealings with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, whose antagonistic relationship with President Barack Obama was followed by a much friendlier one with President Donald Trump, “who basically embraced him,” he said, as the Israeli government moved further to the right.

Friday, a tenuous cease-fire halted the latest round of fighting between Israel, Palestinians and Hamas, which began May 10 when the militant group fired rockets toward Jerusalem after confrontations between Palestinian protesters and Israeli police at the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound, a site sacred to Jews and Muslims. Aggressive police tactics at the compound and the threatened eviction of dozens of Palestinian families by Jewish settlers inflamed tensions.

Israel launched hundreds of airstrikes that it said targeted Hamas’ infrastructure. Hamas and other militant groups embedded in residential areas fired more than 4,000 rockets at Israeli cities. Hundreds fell short, and most others were intercepted or landed in open areas.

As of Friday morning, at least 230 Palestinians had been killed, including 65 children and 39 women, and 1,710 people were wounded, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, which does not break the numbers down into fighters and civilians. About 58,000 Palestinians fled their homes, The Associated Press reported. At least 13 Israelis were killed, Reuters reported.

Celebrities are increasingly outspoken about Palestinian support

Last weekend, thousands demonstrated from Boston to Los Angeles in support of Palestinians in dozens of rallies and marches marking the 73rd anniversary of the uprooting of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in 1948 after the creation of the state of Israel and the initial Arab-Israeli war. The event is referred to as Nakba, or catastrophe.

Among those marching in New York City's Brooklyn borough was supermodel Bella Hadid, numerous outlets reported, one of a growing number of celebrities adding their voices to the protest on social media and beyond. Hadid’s father is Palestinian.

“I have been told my entire life that who I am, a Palestinian woman – is not real,” Hadid wrote Sunday on Instagram. “I’ve been told my father does not have a birth place if he is from Palestine. And I am here to say. Palestine is very much real and the Palestinian people are here to stay and coexist.”

Entertainers Rihanna, Zayn Malik and Rage Against the Machine also posted Palestinian support on Instagram, and actors Mark Ruffalo, Susan Sarandon and Viola Davis took to Twitter to condemn Israeli aggression.

Last year, actor Seth Rogen made waves in a podcast interview in which he said he was “fed a huge amount of lies about Israel” growing up as a Jewish boy, and his elders omitted information about Palestinian displacement.

The violence has raised tensions within the USA as well: In Los Angeles, a brawl broke out outside a sushi restaurant Tuesday between sidewalk diners and a group of men passing by in cars waving Palestinian flags. In Michigan, where President Joe Biden’s visit this week to a Ford plant in heavily Arab American Dearborn was met with protest over U.S. support of Israel, organizers of an annual Muslim-Jewish dialogue event in Detroit chose to postpone it to ride out the friction.

“Things are too heated up,” said Wayne State University history professor Howard Lupovitz, among the dialogue’s scheduled participants. “It’s a civil discourse that’s not appropriate at a time when emotions are running this high.”

Americans' sympathy for Palestinians, he said, is more about the civilians caught in the conflict than about the Palestinian Authority.

“You have to feel bad for Palestinians in Gaza,” he said, citing Hamas militants who embed themselves among the population, effectively using civilians as shields. “They’re trapped, they’re frightened of the Israelis and they’re also frightened of their own leaders.”

Elgindy said there’s a growing belief that Palestinian leaders are increasingly irrelevant and unable to respond to the crisis.

“At least part of the sympathy comes not just from the human rights abuses but a sense that they have incompetent leadership,” Elgindy said. “That’s part of what makes their story compelling; Palestinians have it pretty hard in facing an oppressive occupation, but they’re also kind of political orphans."

Louise Cainkar, a social welfare and justice professor at Marquette University in Milwaukee who has studied Palestinians, Arabs and Muslim-Americans in the USA after 9/11, said the Israeli government’s actions in Jerusalem, Gaza and the West Bank have produced increasing dissent among American Jews. The dissent has spawned efforts such as Jewish Voice for Peace, which opposes oppression and supports self-determination for Israelis and Palestinians.

“While many of these Jews support the state of Israel created in 1948, they oppose the territorial expansions, land confiscations and human rights violations,” Cainkar said.

Cainkar said Black and indigenous people in the USA see similarities between their experience and that of Palestinians under occupation.

Some see similarities between struggles of Palestinians and Black community in US

When the most recent conflict began, the Black Lives Matter chapter in Paterson, New Jersey, issued a statement expressing Palestinian solidarity.

“Our deep roots of solidarity are part of a rich tradition of mutual support and exchange between Palestine and U.S.-based liberation movements” the statement read.

Baddar said the link between the struggles of Palestinians and Black Americans – a concept scholars call Black-Palestinian transnational solidarity – dates to the 1980s, when Jesse Jackson ran for president on a platform that included demands for Palestinian human rights. The years since have produced many other comparisons in terms of discriminations and militarized police response, he said.

In 2015, Baddar noted, a group of Black activists traveled to Palestine with a program called Dream Defenders to better understand the Palestinian struggle and its similarities, “and that has caused the solidarity to really blossom."

"A huge reason we have rising social consciousness in America is driven by the Black Lives Matter movement, and that leads to similar demands for foreign policy as well,” Baddar said.

Experts attribute Americans’ rising support of Palestinians to social media and an increasingly diverse Congress – including U.S. Rep. Rashida Tlaib, D-Mich., its first Palestinian American member.

Lupovitz, who directs Wayne State’s Cohn-Haddow Center for Judaic Studies, said an “uncompromisingly supportive” Congress that has regularly approved U.S. aid to Israel faces more voices of dissent, prompting growing concerns within the American Jewish community.

Lupovitz said Palestinian support “is on an upward arc, no question. Palestinian Americans have been organizing and mobilizing, and I think they’re also torn between their national aspirations and what Hamas does. But it’s not something that’s going away; they will have more influential people in Washington, and if nothing else, it’s a cautionary note to those on the pro-Israel side that it’s going to be difficult to sustain this conflict.”

“I definitely think it reflects something more long-lasting,” Baddar said. “The public is more educated, and that’s why celebrities are more supportive and why more members of Congress are demanding more accountability. … The Israeli government is moving farther to the right, and as the disregard for human rights is becoming more overt, it gets harder and harder to defend.”

Contributing: The Associated Press

This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: More Americans back Palestinians against conflict with Israel