Chequers: Where is the Prime Minister’s country house and who is the owner?

More allegations of lockdown misconduct are being levelled at Boris Johnson, now centred around the former prime minister and his wife Carrie Symonds entertaining a close friend at Chequers during May 2021, when some lockdown measures were still in effect.

A spokesperson for Mr Johnson has described events organiser Dixie Maloney’s visit as “entirely lawful”.

However, at that stage of the pandemic, mixing between different households was not permitted. The Guardian reports that sources are claiming the visit was lawful on childcare grounds, as Ms Symonds was pregnant at the time.

This comes after other concerns over events in both Chequers and Downing Street, following a review of the former prime minister’s official diary, were passed to police.

Of all the grand houses across the UK, none is as politically significant as Chequers. Boasting an indoor heated swimming pool and 1,500 acres of lawns, the 16th-century mansion has been the official second home of serving prime minsters since 1921.

The Buckinghamshire estate has never been open to the public — the only way to get a peek is to be involved in politics.

So what is Chequers, who owns it, and what significant events have taken place there?

What is Chequers?

Chequers, or Chequers Court, is a country house near the village of Ellesborough in Buckinghamshire at the foot of the Chiltern Hills.

The house and its estate have been the official second home of the serving prime minister formore than100 years.

It has 10 bedrooms, a heated indoor swimming pool in the Orangery, a putting green, and 1,500 acres of lawns.

The retreat has provided fresh air and open space for sitting prime ministers since 1917, when it was gifted to the nation by Conservative minister Sir Arthur Lee and his American heiress wife, Ruth.

He did so after realising the politicians coming to prominence post-World War I were no longer from the landed classes, and that they would therefore be unlikely to have country estates at which to entertain foreign dignitaries or to relax in.

As set out in the Chequers Estate Act 1917, it was hoped to draw the sitting PM to “spend two days a week in the high and pure air of the Chiltern hills and woods”.

The thinking behind that being “the better the health of our rulers, the more sanely will they rule”.

A stained-glass window in the building reads: “This house of peace and ancient memories was given to England as a thank-offering for her deliverance in the great war of 1914–1918 as a place of rest and recreation for her Prime Ministers for ever.”

Who owns the Chequers estate?

The Chequers Trust owns the estate but it is in complete control of whoever is prime minister at the time. David Lloyd George became its first prime ministerial occupant in 1921. However, the estate is managed by an independent trust and maintained by an endowment administered by the trustees.

Why is the house called Chequers?

There’s no confirmed reason why Chequers has its name. The current mansion was built by William Hawtrey about 1565, although the name possibly comes from the 12th century. One theory is that it comes from an early owner of the manor of Ellesborough, Elias Ostiarius (or de Scaccario).

The name “Ostiarius” means an usher of the Court of the Exchequer and “scacchiera” means a chessboard in Italian. Elias Ostiarius's coat of arms included the chequerboard of the Exchequer, so it is possible the estate is named after his arms and position at court.

Others point to the large number of Chequer trees growing in the grounds (also known as Standard trees).

Historic political moments

The site is no stranger to historic moments. Sir Winston Churchill is known to have written some of his most famous radio speeches during the Second World War in the mansion’s Hawtrey room.

The estate was used by Theresa May as the location for a crunch 2018 Cabinet meeting to agree new Brexit proposals but, in the following days, senior ministers including then foreign secretary Boris Johnson resigned in disagreement over the plans.

In 2020, as PM, Mr Johnson went to Chequers to recuperate as he recovered from coronavirus.

He was reunited with his then-pregnant fiancée Carrie Symonds, to spend time at the 16th-century Buckinghamshire mansion, following a seven-night spell in hospital about which he said “things could have gone either way”.

The couple originally planned to throw their wedding party at Chequers and were said to have sent out save-the-date cards for a celebration on July 30, 2022, before deciding to change the location to Daylesford House — a grand Cotswolds estate of a major Tory donor.

Inside Chequers, photographic portraits of all the British prime ministers who have used the residence are on display in the Great Parlour.

During a visit in 2015, then-prime minister David Cameron told the French president, François Hollande, that Chequers is “a good place for thinking — away from London”.

Visitors over the years have ranged from the Queen to foreign leaders such as Vladimir Putin and Donald Trump, and celebrities including Sir Elton John, Bryan Adams, and David Bowie.

The late disgraced television presenter Jimmy Savile made a number of visits while Margaret Thatcher was prime minister, and once claimed he spent 11 consecutive Christmasses at Chequers.