I documented every surveillance camera on my way to work in New York City, and it revealed a dystopian reality
James Pasley
Cameras are everywhere — for private and public security, for personal use on the backs (and fronts) of phones, for safety on roads.
The total number of cameras in the world could reach 45 billion by 2022, when the global video-surveillance industry is forecast to reach $63 billion.
I documented all the cameras on a daily commute from Brooklyn to Business Insider's headquarters in downtown Manhattan. What I found revealed a disturbing reality.
America, home of the brave, land of the free, is watching.
Tens of millions of cameras are watching people across the country. The total number of cameras in the world could reach 45 billion by 2022, when the global video-surveillance industry is forecast to reach $63 billion.
As Arthur Holland Michel, who wrote a book about high-tech surveillance, told The Atlantic in June, "Someday, most major developed cities in the world will live under the unblinking gaze of some form of wide-area surveillance."
New York City has an estimated 9,000 cameras linked to a system the New York Police Department calls the "Domain Awareness System." But there are more cameras that aren't linked to the system.
I documented all the cameras on my daily commute from Brooklyn to our office in Manhattan's Financial District. Here's what I found.
When my editor assigned this, I agreed immediately. It was only as I went home that day, noticing all the cameras around me, that I began to realize the truth behind the saying "Ignorance is bliss."
YouTubeCameras monitoring cities are not new. Businesses, police departments, and security firms have long used them for safety. More recently, cameras have become a fixture on phones and cars. Some American cities, like San Francisco, Oakland, and Berkeley in California, have barred the police from using facial-recognition technology.
Aly Song / Reuters
Source: Kintronics, New York magazine
But they're not barred in New York. The NYPD has used facial-recognition software since 2011. Dan Verton, the editor of Homeland Security Today, told the BBC in 2013 that the city's monitoring is so advanced that it can notice the littlest things, like an unattended bag.
Reuters/Lucas Jackson
Sources: BBC, New York magazine
In August, the NYPD managed to identify Larry Griffin II, a suspect in a bomb hoax in a Manhattan train station, in about an hour, using several grainy photos matched against millions of others.
NYPD
Source: New York magazine
On the day of the assignment, I woke up, looked at my phone, and checked the news on my laptop. Already I had interacted with two cameras, albeit my own. Outside my apartment, about 15 feet from my door, I saw two more cameras.
James PasleyI turned my head around the corner and found another one.
James PasleyEvery step down the four flights of stairs took me past more. There was one camera on each level, adding up to four.
James PasleyAs I drew eye level with the camera on the ground floor, I wondered: How often is "big brother" (or my building manager) watching? I passed two more cameras before I reached the exit. By my count that was nine before I'd gotten outside.
James PasleyMy first breath of almost-fresh New York air was ruined by a mixture of trash and surveillance.
James PasleyIt was a fittingly gray day to document our well-surveilled society. Another camera watched over storefronts. Over the next 150 feet, two more cameras recorded my movements.
James PasleyWhen I turned the corner, the streets were empty, but the recording continued. Over the past year, surveillance on New York's roads has expanded. The New York Times reported in July that more than 2,000 speed cameras were being set up in 750 areas across the city, close to schools, to help with road safety.
James Pasley
Source: New York Times
I counted four cameras on my side of the road. Some were positioned abruptly, staring down.
James PasleyI saw cameras ruining streetscapes, like this plain wall interrupted by a camera. I walked past six more on this street ...
James Pasley... including this amateur job.
James PasleyAcross the road, I spotted cameras that appeared a little more on the DIY side.
James PasleyOn my journey through the "surveillance state," I came across several signs warning the public they were being watched.
James PasleyEven our children were being watched. It's worth noting, however, that the footage on many of these cameras is not constantly monitored or stored somewhere for later analysis.
James Pasley
Source: New York Times
As I turned onto Bedford Avenue, I was struck cold by the sight of this white camera, which, for some reason, reminded me of "The Terminator." I saw another four before reaching the train station.
James PasleyOn the platform, I spotted three old cameras, including this one. Because they're old and chunky, they blended in, and I had to really look to find them.
James Pasley.On the train, I couldn't see cameras anywhere — so despite barely being able to breathe, let alone move, I felt at peace. There are a few places in New York, like bathrooms and dressing rooms, that are protected from surveillance by the penal code.
James Pasley
Source: City & State New York
I was greeted by the cold steel of a camera the moment I stepped off at Union Square Station.
James PasleyAs I wandered around the bottom platform, it became apparent that security officials decided platform ends needed the most surveillance. And they didn't hold back. While this photo shows four cameras, I counted eight at each end.
James PasleyThese cameras might be actively monitored. The NYPD has started watching over 100 cameras to monitor homeless people in a dozen subway stations.
AP/Mark Lennihan
Source: The City
Donna Lieberman, the executive director of the New York Civil Liberties Union, told The City: "It's time for New York City to recognize that we have a housing crisis and get serious about building affordable housing and supportive housing for the most vulnerable New Yorkers — not building command centers full of TV surveillance."
M. Stan Reaves/Pacific Press/LightRocket / Getty
Source: The City
Up on the main level, I decided to get a close-up look at what was inside a camera. But as I went toward one, holding up my phone for a photo, a security guard started walking toward me. So I adopted a mild look of confusion and scurried on.
James PasleyBut I still got a photo of the mechanism within.
James Pasley.A little paranoid, I quickly got on a train heading downtown and was again in the gaze of a camera. I got off at Fulton Street Station in Manhattan and saw these two right away. More than 27 million people passed through the transit hub last year.
James Pasley.
Source: Metropolitan Transportation Authority
But then I hit this barrage of cameras on the other side of the entry point. It dawned on me: There's no hope for privacy in this city.
James PasleyThere's nowhere to hide. As the tech entrepreneur Maciej Ceglowski said in testimony to the US Senate earlier this year, "we cannot opt out of it any more than we might opt out of automobile culture by refusing to drive."
John Moore/Getty
Source: The Guardian
I left the station and headed to work. Fulton Street Station is right by Business Insider's headquarters, so it's not much of a walk. But I did spot this camera on the way.
James PasleyAnd this one was nestled in one of the pillars by the building's entrance.
James PasleyI found another right inside the entrance.
James PasleyFinally, one documented me as I headed to the elevator, making the total I spotted at least 49. As I traveled up to work, I was reminded of Ioannis Pavlidis, a professor of computational physiology at the University of Houston, telling the BBC in 2013, "There's no escape."
James Pasley
Source: BBC
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