Independent Bank Corp Michigan (IBCP) Q1 2019 Earnings Call Transcript
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Independent Bank Corp Michigan (NASDAQ: IBCP)
Q1 2019 Earnings Call
April 22, 2019, 11:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
Prepared Remarks
Questions and Answers
Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator --
Good day, and welcome to the Independent Bank Corporation First Quarter 2019 Earnings Conference Call and Webcast. All participants will be in listen only mode. (Operator Instructions) After today's presentation there will be an opportunity to ask questions. (Operator Instructions) Please note this event is being recorded.
I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Brad Kessel, President and CEO. Please go ahead.
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning. Thank you for joining an Independent Bank Corporation's conference call and webcast to discuss the Company's 2019 first quarter results. I am Brad Kessel, President and Chief Executive Officer, and joining me is, Rob Shuster, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
Before we begin today's call, it's my responsibility to direct you to the important information on page two, regarding the cautionary note for forward-looking statements. If anyone does not already have a copy of the press release issued by Independent today, you can access it at the Company's web site www.independentbank. com. The agenda for today's call will include prepared remarks followed by a question-and-answer session, and then, closing remarks.
To follow along, I will begin with slide five of our presentation. We are pleased to report a solid start to 2019, with first quarter net income of $9.4 million, or $0.39 per diluted share, versus net income of $9.2 million, or $0.42 per diluted share in the prior year period.
Impacting our first quarter 2019 results is the acquisition of TCSB, which closed on April 1, 2018. Also, significantly impacting, both the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, where the changes in the fair value due to price of our capitalized mortgage loan servicing rights. For the first quarter of 2019, the change was a negative $2.2 million, or $0.07 per diluted share after tax, and a positive $1.5 million, or $0.05 per diluted share after tax, for the first quarter of 2018. When excluding the after tax impact of the MSR change, net income and diluted earnings per share increased by 38.9% and 26%, respectively 2019 as compared to 2018.
The positive change in year-over-year results was driven by growth in net interest income and growth in mortgage loan gains, partially offset by advances. Net interest income totaled $30.2 million during the first quarter of 2019, an increase of $6.3 million, or 26.3% from the year ago period. Gains on mortgage loans totaled $3.6 million and $2.6 million for the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Non-interest expense totaled $28 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $24.1 million in the year ago period. Rob will provide more detail on the increase in expenses in his prepared remarks. I do believe we will return to our previously shared expected expense range of $27 million to $27.5 million.
During the first quarter, we grew portfolio loans by $36 million, or 6% annualized. This represents the 20th consecutive quarter of loan growth. This loan growth is net of $30 million of mortgage loans we securitized and transferred to securities available for sale during the first quarter of 2019. We subsequently sold most of these securities. The purpose of the securitization corresponds to the management of our interest rate risk position, our liquidity position, as well as our targeted earning asset mix.
On the funding side, during the first quarter total deposits were up $21 million, or 3% annualized. Excluding broker deposits, the growth rate was 12% annualized. The growth this past quarter was primarily in savings, interest-bearing checking account balances, reciprocal deposits, which were partially offset by a decline in non-interest bearing account balances. Slide six of our presentation provides a good view of our footprint.
Turning to slide seven, Michigan business conditions continue to be favorable, with low unemployment, some job growth, affordable housing and continued good demand for commercial real estate. The February 2019 Michigan unemployment rate at 4% is lower than one year ago, when it was 4.4%, and 0.2% above the US unemployment rate of 3.8%. Regionally, Grand Rapids' unemployment is at 3.1%; Lansing is at 3.7%; and Detroit, Livonia and Dearborn, is 4.3%. Michigan's workforce is 4.44 million strong, and overall, employment is up slightly from one year ago.
Regards to housing, the Michigan real estate market can be characterized as affordable, with a continued shortage of inventory. The average sales price of a home in Michigan is $172,000, and Michigan's year-over-year sales price is down slightly at 4.6%.
The continuation of the positive economic trends can be seen in our regional portfolios shown on page eight. Our two strongest growth regions are the Grand Rapids region, up $102 million in loan balances, and our Southeast Michigan region, up $58 million in loan balances. Our Traverse City team has produced 6% growth since the acquisition. We've also seen very good year-over-year deposit growth in most of our regions.
The next couple of slides cover our balance sheet. Turning the page nine, we provide a couple of charts reflecting the attractive composition of our deposit base, as well as the continued growth in this portfolio. While working to effectively manage our overall cost of funds, independent has $2.93 billion in total deposits, of which, 78% are not maturity deposit accounts. When comparing first quarter 2019 to the same quarter one year ago, we increased total deposits by $153 million, or 6.6% annualized -- 6.6%, this excludes broker deposits and $254 million of non-broker deposits acquired in the TCSB merger. Our total cost of deposits is up 10 basis points and a linked quarter basis and is up 41 basis points when comparing to the same quarter one year ago.
Similar charts are also reflected on page 10, but in this case, we are displaying the balanced mix of our loan portfolios. We continue to target a loan mix -- a balanced loan mix, with the largest portfolio being our commercial book of business. At March 31, 2019, our loan mix was 44% commercial, 39% mortgage, 15% installment, and 2% held-for-sale. The total loans outstanding now aggregate to $2.66 billion, including $43.1 million of loans held-for-sale. The commercial portfolio grew by $24 million, or 8.5% annualized during the quarter, consumer installment loans were up by $11.5 million, or 11.8% for the quarter, and portfolio mortgage loans increased by $900,000, which is net of a $30 million securitization.
In terms of capital management, our capital levels continue to be strong, with tangible common equity to tangible assets moving from 9.17% at December 31, 2018, to 9.26% at March 31, 2019. This is well within our targeted TCE range of 8.5% to 9.5%. Our Board of Directors declared in January and we paid on February 15, 2019, an $0.18 per share cash dividend on our common stock, which represents a 20% increase from our prior quarterly cash dividend level. Under the Company's share repurchase plan, during the first quarter of 2019, the Company repurchased 115,787 shares at an average price of $21.85 per share.
At this time, I would like to turn the presentation over to Rob Schuster, to share a few comments on our financials, credit quality, CECL and our outlook for the remainder of 2019.
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Brad, and good morning, everyone. I am starting at page 12 of our presentation. Brad discussed the year-over-year increase in our net interest income during his remarks, so I will focus on our net interest margin. Our tax equivalent net interest margin was 3.88% during the first quarter of 2019, which is up 17 basis points from the year ago period, but down 5 basis points from the fourth quarter of 2018. I will have some more detailed comments on this topic in a moment.
Average interest earning assets were $3.15 billion in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $2.61 billion in the year ago quarter, and $3.12 billion in the fourth quarter of 2018.
Page 13 contains a more detailed analysis of the linked quarter decrease in net interest income. There was a lot of data on this slide, but to summarize a few key points: the 5 basis point decline in the linked-quarter net interest margin was primarily due to changes in the mix of interest earning assets and the decline in average non-interest bearing deposits. Two less days in the first quarter of 2019 reduced net interest income by $319,000 compared to the fourth quarter of '18.
Interest recoveries on non-accrual or previously charged off loans declined by $111,000 compared to fourth quarter '18. The average cost of funds was up 9 basis points to 0.82% from 0.73% in the fourth quarter of '18. A little more color on a couple of these points. The amount of average loans actually declined by $5.7 million in the first quarter of '19 and average loans represented 83.2% of total earning assets in the first quarter of '19 as compared to 84.2% in the fourth quarter of '18.
This decline was principally due to two factors: one, the securitization of $29.9 million of portfolio loans, mortgage loans into Freddie Mac mortgage backed securities, most of which were sold; and two, much of the first quarter 2019 commercial loan growth occurred very late in the quarter. We do not expect either of these factors to persist, and therefore, expect a resumption of growth in the amount of average loans as we move through the balance of 2019.
We also experienced a $27 million decline in average non-interest bearing deposit balance balances as customers become more conscious of moving non-interest bearing funds into interest bearing accounts. We do expect this phenomenon to continue at some level over the next few quarters. We will comment more specifically on our outlook for net interest income for the balance of 2019 later in the presentation.
Page 14 compares our quarterly average cost of funds, which is annualized interest expense divided by our average earning assets to the monthly average effective federal funds rate during the quarter and the spot federal funds rate during the quarter. You can see the relatively low cumulative beta of 8.6% for the first 81 basis points of movement in the effective federal funds rate, which encompasses the period of Q3 '15 to Q2 '17, and then, the increase in the cumulative beta to 33.1% for the next 145 basis points of movement in the effective federal funds rate from Q2 '17 to Q1 '19.
Moving on to page 15, non-interest in income totaled $10 million in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to $11.7 million in the year ago quarter, and $9 million in the fourth quarter of 2018. As Brad mentioned, mortgage loan servicing caused most of the comparative -- the quarterly comparative year-over-year variability in non-interest income and he shared the dollar figures regarding this change.
Q1 '19 net gains on mortgage loans increased to $3.6 million compared to $2.6 million in the first quarter of '18. The increase in these gains was due to increases in mortgage loans sales volume and in the mortgage loan pipeline. If you exclude portfolio mortgage loans sales in fair value adjustments, the profit margin on mortgage loan sales was 2.59% in the first quarter of '19 as compared to 2.68% in the year ago quarter.
As detailed on page 16, non-interest expenses totaled $28 million in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to $24.1 million in the year ago quarter. This increase reflects our merger with Traverse City State Bank, that occurred on April 1st of '18, as well as increases in healthcare costs, loss on other real estate and costs for unfunded lending commitments, due primarily to a minor methodology change in the calculation of these costs. We will have more comments on our outlook for non-interest expenses later in the presentation.
Investment securities available for sale increased $33.6 million during the first quarter of 2019. Page 17 provides an overview of our investments at quarter end March 31, 2019. Approximately, 31% of the portfolio is variable rate and much of the fixed rate portion of the portfolio is in maturities, or average lives of five years or less. The estimated average duration of the portfolio is about 2.4 years, with a weighted average tax equivalent yield of 3.17%, which is up 6 basis points from year-end 2018.
Page 18 provides data on non-performing loans, other real estate, non-performing assets and early stage delinquencies. Total non-performing assets were $10.2 million, or 0.3% of total assets at March 31 of '19. Non-performing loans decreased by $0.2 million during the first quarter of '19. At March 31, 2019, 30-day to 89-day commercial loan delinquencies were virtually o% -- 0.003%, and mortgage loan and commercial loan delinquencies were 0.39%.
Moving on to page 19, we recorded a provision for loan losses expense of $664,000 and $315,000 in the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. We recorded net loan charge offs of $298,000 in the first quarter of '19 compared to loan net recoveries of $169,000 in the first quarter of '18. The allowance for loan losses increased to $25.3 million, or 0.96% of portfolio loans and 1.05% of originated loans at March 31, 2019.
Page 20 provides some additional asset quality data, including information on new loan defaults and on classified assets. New loan defaults were just $1.6 million in the first quarter of 2019.
Page 21 provides information on our TDR portfolio that totaled $53.4 million at March 31, 2019. This represents a decline of $2.7 million during the first quarter. This portfolio continues to perform very well, with 95% of these loans performing and 93% of these loans being current at March 31, 2019.
Page 22 is a new slide. This provides a detailed timeline for our implementation of the CECL accounting standard. As you can see, we expect to publicly disclose the estimated impact of CECL on our allowance for loan losses when we file our second quarter 2019 Form 10-Q in early August.
Page 23, is our first update for 2019, where we compare our actual performance during the year to the original outlook that we provided back in January of '19. Overall, we believe that our actual performance in the first quarter when factoring out the negative fair value adjustment and capitalized MSRs, was a bit better than our original outlook. We achieved actual annualized loan growth of 5.7% in the first quarter of '19. Typically, our first quarter growth rate is slower due to seasonal factors. So, we expect this growth rate to accelerate over the next couple of quarters and remain comfortable, with our full year expectation of 8% to 9% loan growth.
With the current shape of the yield curve and an expected lack of any upward interest rate moves by the Fed, we do expect a bit of downward pressure on our net interest margin. However, we remain comfortable with our forecasted growth rate of 10% to 11% for net interest income for all of 2019, due to an increase in average interest earning assets.
We had a provision for loan losses expense in 1Q '19 of $664,000. This was below our anticipated level because of better-than-expected asset quality metrics. We expect generally stable asset quality metrics during the remainder of 2019. So loan growth is anticipated to be the main driver of our loan loss provision.
Excluding the negative fair value adjustment due to price on MSRs, adjusted first quarter '19 non-interest income would have been at the high end of our forecasted range. We continue to expect non-interest income to be within our forecasted range for the balance of quarters in 2019, excluding any volatility associated with changes due to price and the fair value of MSRs. I might comment here that we've retraced through April about 60% of the decline in mortgage rates, so if things stay where they're at through the end of June, we'd expect to recoup some of that fair value MSR decline from the first quarter.
As I discussed previously, actual first quarter non-interest expenses were a bit above our forecasted range, due primarily to healthcare costs and a loss on other real estate that we budget at zero. However, we do believe that non-interest expenses, as Brad mentioned, will fall back within the forecasted range for the last three quarters of 2019. Specific areas where we anticipate lower expenses in the next three quarters include payroll taxes, snow removal costs, which totaled $421,000 in the first quarter of '19, and then, credit-related items, which include loss on ORE, cost related to unfunded lending commitments and the provision for loss reimbursement on sold loans, which collectively totaled $390,000 in the first quarter of '19.
Finally, although our effective income tax rate was 18.8% in the first quarter of '19, we do expect an effective income tax rate of closer to 20% going forward in 2019, as the first quarter of '19 and '18 were reduced by about $170,000 due to the tax benefit of stock awards that vested or stock options that were exercised.
That concludes my prepared remarks and I would now like to turn the call back over to Brad.
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Rob. For many years, we have shared our performance goals, including return on assets and return on equity, which we believe to be two of the most significant drivers of total shareholder return. Our current year performance goals include an ROA of 1.3% and an ROE of 13%. For the first quarter of 2019, our return on average assets and return on average equity were 1.13% and 11.14%, respectively. These ratios increased to 1.34% and 13.2% when excluding the after tax impact of the MSR change.
We have listed our strategic initiatives on slide 24. During the first quarter of 2019, we made progress on each of these. We believe successful execution on these initiatives will continue to drive strong returns. As a community bank, at the center of all our strategies, is staying focused on serving our customers and investing in our markets and in our people.
At this point in time, we'd like to now open up the call for questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator --
Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session.(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from Brendan Nosal of Sandler O'Neill. Please go ahead.
Brendan Nosal -- Sandler O'Neill -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning, guys. How are you?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good morning, Bren.
Brendan Nosal -- Sandler O'Neill -- Analyst
I just want to start off here on the NII outlook. So, you guys maintained the outlook for 10% to 11% growth and it looks like the loan growth side of that is holding in quite nicely and should ramp up throughout the year. But it feels like the NIM is a little more pressured now than we would have thought three months ago. Just help us understand how -- if the growth outlook is more or less the same and the NIM outlook is a little worse, what is it that allows you guys to maintain that 10% to 11% NII growth for 2019?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think a couple of things. One is, I think, on the loan growth side, we're going to be probably a bit more toward that higher end of that range. The second thing is, I do think the mix change will continue to help with a bit more loans and investment securities being at the level or maybe down a bit. So the remix will help a little bit as well. And generally, the last thing I would say is, even with the flat curve, we're generally seeing the new loan growth at or better than the average yield for the portfolio. So, we'd expect an upward move on yield on earning assets even with the Fed on hold and the flatter curve. So I think those things in combination allow us to still feel comfortable with that overall growth in dollars of net interest income.
Brendan Nosal -- Sandler O'Neill -- Analyst
Got it. Okay. That makes sense. And then, one more from me, moving over to the mortgage side of things. Obviously, a strong start to the year for gain on sale of mortgage. Just curious, your updated thoughts on mortgage banking throughout the year. I mean, obviously, the dip in rates could help refi volume, but how are you seeing things progress in your markets?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. So I mean we did see some pickup in refinancing. Now, recognize with the pipeline growth, you're sort of capturing a little bit of that within the first quarter gains, but even with that, we've seen an acceleration in application volume here through the first three weeks of April. So you have two things working. You have seasonal factors, where home sales and purchase activity and we're 80% plus purchase mortgage activities. So you see that picking up. And then, there is some pickup in refinance volume, although, as I mentioned, we had subsequent to March 31, the 10-year treasury and mortgage rate sort of come back up a bit. So I don't think it's going to necessarily be a refinanced boom, but I think it's going to be more than what we anticipated at the outset of the year combined with a strong purchase market. So, we feel that that is going to be a solid part of our results for the next few quarters. Brad, I don't know if you want to add anything?
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
No. I think you're right on track.
Brendan Nosal -- Sandler O'Neill -- Analyst
That's great, Thanks for taking my questions.
Operator --
Thank you. Our next question comes from Damon DelMonte of KBW. Please go ahead.
Damon DelMonte -- KBW -- Analyst
Hey. Good morning guys. How is it going today?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good morning.
Damon DelMonte -- KBW -- Analyst
So, my first question, just to circle back on the margin. Rob, can you give a little color on the amount of compression you could be expecting in the next couple of quarters?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, the one wildcard -- if I knew exactly what was going to be happening on the deposit side and we did see a bit of pressure really from rotation out of non-interest bearing into interest bearing, that's the one where it's a little bit harder to predict, but we're extremely mindful of trying to walk this fine line of managing our interest costs, yet not losing deposit relationships, where you're replacing funds north of 2%. So, I'll caveat my comment with the fact that, we're not expecting any significant pressure on the deposit side. We're expecting that more to move up as it has the last few quarters. So, given that and given what we anticipate on the earning asset side, and I mentioned earlier, with loan growth accelerating and where we're seeing sort of incoming loans, the rates on incoming loans being a benefit versus our average yield in the loan portfolio, the compression would be very modest. So I'm not anticipating anything of significance, maybe a couple of basis points .
And I will say, in the first quarter, one sort of odd item and you could see it in the balance sheet or in our average balance and yield table, we had a fair amount of seasonal growth in deposits. We typically see that particularly with our municipal customers in the first quarter. And we weren't able to peel off broker deposits lockstep with that growth. So, we had about $30 million more in kind of overnight deposits, which were at lower yield. So, that kind of affected the first quarter margin a little bit as well. And I don't expect that to recur here as we move through the next couple of quarters. So, that's the other reason I feel like the pressure is not going to be very significant on net interest margin.
Damon DelMonte -- KBW -- Analyst
Okay. And then ...
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
But again, if I miss, it's probably going to be on that deposit base.
Damon DelMonte -- KBW -- Analyst
Got you. And then as far as like the impact from fair value accretion, I think, it is $357,000 this quarter.
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
Damon DelMonte -- KBW -- Analyst
Last quarter it was $423,000. So should we be modeling something in that $300,000 to $400,000 range?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. It's just drifting down a little bit quarter by quarter. So if -- that rate of decline, you could probably project for the next couple of quarters. So it's going to be drifting down toward $300,000 and maybe by end of year maybe being a bit below that. But when we talk about our expectation of growth in net interest income, we take that downward drift into account.
Damon DelMonte -- KBW -- Analyst
Got it. Okay. That's helpful. And then, with respect to the long growth, you guys were saying, you're comfortable on kind of the higher end of your previously disclosed range. Could you talk a little bit about some of the drivers of the growth and in what areas of the footprint you're seeing the best opportunities?
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure, Damon. It's Brad. And I feel really good about getting out of the gates in 2019, particularly with our commercial team, we saw the strongest growth here in our West Michigan market and followed closely by the Southeast Michigan group. But what was really nice, it was a very balanced mix in terms of CRE and C&I, and that's actually what -- very intentional. And looking at some reports here and it's very granular, we had 25 credits that were $500,000 and above, and only one of those credits here in the first quarter of new business was over $10 million. So it's spread out throughout our footprint, very granular and a good mix between C&I and CRE.
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
And then, I'd add on the retail side just for seasonal factors, we have historically seen a pickup on the consumer installment side, although that's another area where we started out strong right out of the gate. And then, certainly, on the mortgage side, we'll see some seasonal pickup there, both on the portfolio side and then, holding larger balances of mortgages held-for-sale, where we're earning interest on those loans during the time period we're holding them for sale. So, all of those things, we think, will contribute to that movement up toward the higher end of our range.
Damon DelMonte -- KBW -- Analyst
Got it. Okay. That's all I had. Everything else was pretty much covered, so thank you very much.
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Damon.
Operator --
Our next question comes from John Rodis of FIG Partners. Please go ahead.
John Rodis -- FIG Partners -- Analyst
Good morning, guys.
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hi, John.
John Rodis -- FIG Partners -- Analyst
Hi, Rob. Rob, I guess per your earlier comment I guess on the securities portfolio it sounds like flat to down some, is that correct?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes. We were -- some of that would just be driven by what's going on on the deposit side. So, what we added were relatively short duration in the first quarter, but for liquidity reasons we do want to see that portfolio represent a certain percentage of our earning assets. And the one thing that you're doing there is, if you're bringing in wholesale funds and putting it into securities, that spread is not that high, although, it contributes to dollars of net interest income. And so, I view that as a positive. It doesn't help the NIM. So, yeah, I think the flat to maybe a little drift down is a good kind of place to be, with the dollars being made up in the loan portfolio.
John Rodis -- FIG Partners -- Analyst
Got it. And on the buyback, so you guys bought back a little bit over 100,000 shares in the quarter. How should we think about activity going forward, is it more opportunistic, or do you really want to buyback the 5% this year?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I would say it's somewhat more opportunistic. I mean we'll see where things fall out, I mean, we get a lot of feedback about what levels and where -- I mean we certainly -- you could see from what we did last year to what we did in the first quarter, where we've been buying at, it's generally been south of $22, but I don't think we're set on getting to the 5%, but I think if the opportunity presents, that we'd like to buyback more.
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. And Rob, I'd add there. It's also a function of what all the other opportunities are.
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Right.
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
And today -- there was a period we were running a little bit above our targeted TCE range, and in 2018, we are able to buyback quite a few shares, get back within our range. We used a lot of cash, now we're in a very comfortable level and we'll see what the opportunities are here for the balance of 2019, John.
John Rodis -- FIG Partners -- Analyst
Okay. That makes sense. Brad, thank you. And guys just one other question from me, just the -- I know it's early, but the Chemical TCF merger. Any -- have you seen any early opportunities or probably still too early to tell?
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
That is ongoing, and we do see it -- when we look at our competitor base, Chemical probably would be one that matches up with us on our branch footprint, more than anybody else. Let's say, of our 69 locations, we probably cross over with them 60 locations. And so our team is out there knocking on doors and having success in, but it's a long race and they're a good competitor and I am sure it'll all be good at the end.
John Rodis -- FIG Partners -- Analyst
Okay. Makes sense. Thank you, guys.
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, John.
Operator --
Thank you. Our next question comes from Scott Beury of Boenning & Scattergood. Please go ahead.
Scott Beury -- Boenning & Scattergood -- Analyst
Hey. Good morning, guys.
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good morning, Scott.
Scott Beury -- Boenning & Scattergood -- Analyst
Most of my questions have already been answered, but looking at the fee income piece, I was just curious, one thing I noticed was the service charges. Looking year over year, they're actually down from previous levels, like prior to TCSB. And I was just curious, is that just the ongoing industry pressure on that revenue source or any commentary you have there on how you are thinking about that going forward?
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
You're dead on with that observation. And I think a lot of that has to do with, we are seeing a higher and higher adoption rate of our customer base using online and mobile banking, and they're getting real time views of their account balances. And so, I think people are just being smarter about -- more prudent about managing their money. And so, we have observed that, we expect to probably see a continued challenge on that line. And quite frankly, so our efforts are geared toward getting a boost in the interchange category and getting new customers (inaudible) debit cards in those customers' hands and incenting them to swipe and generate that interchange income.
Scott Beury -- Boenning & Scattergood -- Analyst
That makes a lot of sense. That's definitely a helpful explanation. My only other question that I had was just, as it relates to the MSR portfolio, obviously, I know this is a sophisticated endeavor, but you've seen a lot of volatility in that line item quarter-to-quarter as rates move and prepayments change. Is there anything you can do even on a high level that to kind of get some stability in that mark that you're having to put it on the MSRs every quarter with some hedging programs?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. That's a fine observation and we have debated that here for quite some time. The issue we have is twofold. One is, when you hedge, there is a cost to that. So, no matter how good you are at hedging it and sometimes, for example, if you're using treasuries to hedge, you can get a decoupling where mortgage rates and prepayments move differently than treasuries. So, you could have more than just a little bit of hedging effectiveness. Even if you were very effective at hedging, there's still a cost to it. So you're giving up real economic value to smooth earnings.
The other point for us which is unique, at least -- and not probably to community banks, but it might be to someone who is more on the wholesale side. All we do is retail origination. So, our belief is when we get that volatility and declines in fair value, eventually we will recapture some of that refinancing. So we have a natural hedge, even though it's not smoothing out earnings from an economic standpoint, because we're a retail shop. We are recapturing we believe a good share of that refinance activity, which allows us to rebuild that servicing asset.
So, again, we feel the economics weigh against hedging it, but way we'd like to see not the earnings volatility that we get, I think, the fortunate thing is, our analyst group sort of gets it and looks more to the core or operating numbers. And we really do appreciate that. As I just mentioned, we've already retraced about 60% of the first quarter decline, so if that holds out we're likely to get a jump back on that fair value change. So while frustrating, that's where we end up when all the dust settles.
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
And Rob, when we look at 2018, there was a lot of volatility there for the entire fiscal year?
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
We changed $200,000. So, if you go a look at last year, we were up in fair value due to price in the first three quarters, but the two middle quarters were lower numbers. And then, we gave back most of it in the fourth quarter. So we ended the year, as Brad said, we were plus $190,000. So that's what we hope when all the dust settles this year, that when we get to year end, it's not a big number either way. But I know, it's frustrating for us too, so --
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Good question, Scott.
Scott Beury -- Boenning & Scattergood -- Analyst
All right. That's a great explanation. Yes. I understand it's not a simplistic answer. And thanks for giving the color on how you guys are thinking about it. That's helpful. That is all I have. So, thank you.
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Operator --
This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. Brad Kessel for any closing remarks.
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
We would like to thank each of you for your interest in the Independent Bank Corporation and for joining us on today's call. We wish you all a great day.
Operator --
The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.
Duration: 48 minutes
Call participants:
Operator --
Brad Kessel -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Robert Shuster -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Brendan Nosal -- Sandler O'Neill -- Analyst
Damon DelMonte -- KBW -- Analyst
John Rodis -- FIG Partners -- Analyst
Scott Beury -- Boenning & Scattergood -- Analyst
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