Having an advanced driver assistance system in your car, where cameras and sensors allow it to offer things like adaptive cruise control or lane centering, doesn’t mean you have a self-driving vehicle.

Drivers still need to be alert and paying attention to what’s up ahead.

But some manufacturers have oversold how much their systems can do, which can lead to real-world consequences, especially when drivers do irresponsible things behind the wheel, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

What could go wrong? Plenty.

“In egregious cases, drivers have been documented watching videos or playing games on their cellphones or even taking naps while speeding down the expressway,” according to an IIHS news release, which highlighted a fatal 2018 crash involving a Tesla Model X in Mountain View, California. In that accident, the National Transportation Safety Board found that the driver was most likely distracted by a cellphone video game when the vehicle’s " ‘autopilot’ system accelerated into a highway crash attenuator.”

What’s needed to limit these types of situations are adequate safeguards, according to IIHS, which plans to begin rating them later this year.

“To earn a good rating, systems will need to ensure that the driver’s eyes are directed at the road and their hands are either on the wheel or ready to grab it at all times. Escalating alerts and appropriate emergency procedures when the driver does not meet those conditions will also be required,” IIHS said, noting that it's not clear that these systems actually improve safety.

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The institute isn’t the only entity taking a harder look at these systems.

Consumer Reports said it plans to start including scoring for its 2022 autos Top Picks next month based on whether the advanced driver assistance systems encourage safe driving. Beginning with the 2024 model year, Consumer Reports said it would start deducting points from vehicles with systems that don’t have adequate driver monitoring.

So far, only the Ford BlueCruise and General Motors’ Super Cruise will be able to claim any additional points. Consumer Reports also reviewed systems from BMW, Subaru and Tesla.

The Ford and GM systems have “the right combination of helping drivers enjoy the convenience of automation while verifying that they’re keeping their eyes on the road," Jake Fisher, senior director of Consumer Reports' Auto Test Center, said in a news release.

“We believe it’s time to recognize vehicles that have found a safer way to deploy this technology,” Fisher said.

Contact Eric D. Lawrence: elawrence@freepress.com. Follow him on Twitter: @_ericdlawrence. Become a subscriber.

This article originally appeared on Detroit Free Press: Insurance Institute not sold on safety of hands-free driving tech