Regional economic outlook: Residents, businesses will still feel sting of inflation, higher interest rates in 2023
Jan. 24—Inflation is finally moderating but interest rates are expected to continue climbing in 2023, and both will burden local consumers, companies and governments as efforts to bring inflation to heel slow the economy, area experts say.
"Business investment will likely decline due to higher interest rates and greater economic uncertainties. The housing sector in the Dayton region also will slow further this year, driven by higher mortgage rates and weaker demand," said David Melin, PNC regional president for Dayton.
This newspaper asked a dozen local experts from the business, financial, government, development and real estate sectors about this year's economic outlook for the Dayton, Springfield and Butler County regions in southwest Ohio.
In this four-part series that began publishing Sunday and runs through Wednesday the experts discuss their overall view of the region's prospects, how the region can leverage its strengths, the possibility of an economic recession, the impact of inflation and higher interest rates and how the region is coping with labor shortages and workforce training issues.
In addition to Melin, those interviewed included Ben Ayers, senior economist for Nationwide Insurance in Columbus; Greg Blatt, president of Dayton Realtors and a realtor at Keller Williams Advisors Realty; Jim Bowman, owner and CEO of Noble Tool LLC of Dayton; Montgomery County Administrator Michael Colbert; Crystal L. Corbin, executive director of the Montgomery County Transportation Improvement District; Dave Dickerson, partner and president of Midwest market at Miller Valentine Construction of Dayton; Butler County Commissioner Don Dixon; Tom Franzen, Springfield assistant city manager and director of economic development; Springfield City Manager Bryan Heck; Chris Kershner, president and CEO of the Dayton Area Chamber of Commerce; and Julie Sullivan, executive vice president of regional development at the Dayton Development Coalition.
Kershner sees rising interest rates as especially harmful to small businesses.
"Our businesses need economic certainty and confidence in the market and business lending. Higher interest rates have a direct impact on small businesses' ability to borrow essential funds, which will affect cash flow and ultimately operations, including hiring personnel and capital investments," Kershner wrote in a recent Dayton Daily News column.
Last year, in an effort to tame inflation by slowing the economy the U.S. Federal Reserve began tightening monetary policy and raising the federal funds rate, driving up borrowing costs.
Bowman said several of his customers at Noble Tool are hesitating on moving ahead with bigger, capital-intensive projects, due to inflation and rising interest rates. Both make it more expensive to borrow and invest. A weak stock market doesn't help some of his customers, either.
"They are giving Noble Tool orders because we are trying to hold down our costs and they need repairs and tooling on existing production lines," said Bowman. "They are also spreading out tool work to some shops like Noble Tool, because they want to maintain their production lines with their internal personnel and outsource tool room work to gain capacity."
The impact of higher interest rates is clear in the region's housing market.
The "frenzied" housing market of recent years has cooled to what Blatt calls a "normal or stabilized housing market."
The number of home sales in the Dayton area declined 25% in December compared to December 2021, according to Dayton Realtors data. Total sales for the full year declined by nearly 8.5% compared to 2021.
In addition to paying higher interest rates, homebuyers also paid more for houses in the region in 2022 compared to 2021. The average sale price in 2022 was $239,754, a 9.3% increase compared to 2021, the data show.
Mortgage rates are double what they were a year ago, but still below the 50-year historic average, Blatt said.
"The fifty-year historic rate is 7.76% and 30-year fixed-rate mortgages today are between 6% and 6.75%," he said. "This is slowing the velocity of residential sales but the inventories remain at historic lows. Buyer demand, while slowing, still exceeds supply so housing prices will continue to rise, albeit at a slower pace than in the past few years."
Blatt said commercial real estate has not returned to "normalcy."
"The office market is still suffering due to 'work from home' practices and a reticence for some to return to the workforce," Blatt said. "We are clearly seeing a decline in pricing of office space, both on the sale and leasing side. We will likely see some redevelopment of office space into residential or other uses as demand for office space is retracting."
But he said demand for industrial space remains quite high.
Dickerson said larger companies can often self-finance projects so interest rates don't have as much of an impact, but he said the rates are slowing construction of investment real estate, like apartments and mixed used developments.
That may not always be bad, Dixon said.
"Inflation and higher interest rates, although perceived as stifling the economy and commercial growth, have a way of weeding out risky projects and commercial investment which perhaps should not happen," Dixon said.
Projects costs have also gone up for government.
Several city project bids came in higher than the engineer's estimate, but a bigger issue is some projects had no bidders because contractors didn't have enough employees to do the work, Heck said.
Colbert said rising costs mean the county must choose what projects to pursue.
"Some large projects that can be pushed to next year and beyond, will be pushed," Colbert said.
"However, we will keep the region attractive for the business community by continuing to invest in robust economic development programs, ensuring we have a trained and ready workforce, and purposely investing in our infrastructure, to include water, sewer, roads, bridges and other key structures, so we can support the businesses that are already here, as well as those considering making our region home."
Even in times of high inflation and interest rates, Sullivan said the Dayton region can stand out.
"One advantage we have on inflation is our cost of living and the cost of doing business are more affordable here than in other parts of the country," Sullivan said. "That hasn't changed even as interest rates have risen. Comparably, we're still more affordable."
Melin is confident in the overall strength of the region, even as development costs rise due to inflation and interest rates.
"As far as economic development, I am still optimistic as we have strong leadership in organizations like the Dayton Development Coalition and JobsOhio," Melin said. "Ohio and the Dayton region have become increasingly more attractive as evident by significant new investments from Honda, Intel, Fuyao and many others."
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This week in our 2023 economic outlook series
Sunday — The region's general economic outlook
Monday — The possibility of a recession and its impact
Today — The effect of inflation and higher interest rates
Wednesday — Labor shortages and workforce issues
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