Brexit deal latest: What we know so far about Theresa May's draft agreement and what happens now

Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson (L) and Britain's Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Brexit Minister) Dominic Raab: AFP/Getty Images
Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson (L) and Britain's Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (Brexit Minister) Dominic Raab: AFP/Getty Images

British and EU officials have agreed on a draft Brexit agreement after months of negotiations.

A government source confirmed a deal has been reached at a “technical level”.

It comes after each cabinet minister had been called to meet Prime Minister Theresa May individually as she sought their backing.

Here we answer some of the questions being asked about the draft text, and the steps that still need to be made.

What is in the Withdrawal Agreement?

The Agreement covers arrangements for disentangling the UK from the EU after more than 40 years of membership.

Key issues are the future rights of British expats living on the continent and Europeans in the UK; the settlement of the UK's financial liabilities, estimated at up to £39 billion; and the status of the border on the island of Ireland.

What has held things up?

The main obstacle to an agreement has been the question of the Irish border, which will be the UK's only land frontier with the remaining EU after Brexit.

Neither side wants a "hard" border with physical checkpoints and customs inspections, which they fear could undermine the Northern Irish peace process.

Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union Dominic Raab (R) and Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson (L) arrive for a cabinet meeting at Downing Street (EPA)
Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union Dominic Raab (R) and Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson (L) arrive for a cabinet meeting at Downing Street (EPA)

What does the Withdrawal Agreement look like?

It is thought to run into hundreds of pages of detail on all aspects of the "divorce".

Alongside it is expected to be a shorter Political Declaration setting out a framework for future relations between the UK and EU in areas like trade and security co-operation.

What happens next?

Cabinet ministers were invited into 10 Downing Street on Tuesday evening to read through documents.

They will gather for a special Cabinet meeting to consider "next steps" at 2pm on Wednesday.

Mrs May is expected to ask them to give their approval to the draft.

In Brussels, the EU's chief negotiator Michel Barnier would have to report to the European Council that "decisive" progress has been made in order for president Donald Tusk to convene a summit - probably in the last week of November - at which leaders of the remaining 27 EU states would be asked to put their stamp on the document.

The agreement would then be sent for ratification to both the Westminster Parliament and the European Parliament. The Government would hope to stage a vote in the House of Commons before Christmas.

If every obstacle is cleared, the deal would come into effect in time for the UK's departure on March 29 2019.

Is the Cabinet certain to give the plan its backing?

Far from it. The Prime Minister is acutely vulnerable to resignations from her top team which could massively destabilise her position. Staunch Brexiters in the Cabinet like Liam Fox, Dominic Raab, Andrea Leadsom, Penny Mordaunt and Esther McVey must be convinced that the deal would not tie the UK too closely to Brussels.

What opposition will the draft agreement face in Parliament?

Mrs May will face resistance from Tory Brexiters like Boris Johnson and Jacob Rees-Mogg who fear that a deal could tie the UK indefinitely to Brussels, following rules which it has no part in shaping.

The DUP, which props up her minority Government in the Commons, will challenge anything which treats Northern Ireland differently from the rest of the UK. Remainers within the Conservative Party will argue that the draft offers worse terms than the UK already enjoys as a member of the EU.

Labour has said it will oppose any agreement which fails to support jobs and the economy and leader Jeremy Corbyn has already said the draft "is unlikely to be a good deal for the country". EU-backing Liberal Democrats and the SNP are expected to vote against the deal.

What happens if the deal fails to win support in Westminster?

The default position is for the UK to leave the EU on March 29 without a deal, with the potential for chaotic scenes at ports and airports. Mrs May is expected to use this as a powerful lever to persuade MPs to back her for the sake of stability.

However, there would also be huge pressure for a "People's Vote" second referendum to give the public the chance to decide whether it still wanted to go ahead with withdrawal. And Labour would push for a general election to give someone else the opportunity to negotiate a better deal.

Is Mrs May's own position safe?

Certainly not. She could face a vote of no confidence if 48 Tory MPs demand one, with speculation that that number is close to being reached.

And her knife-edge control of the House of Commons mean that she risks losing her effective majority and her ability to pass legislation if she alienates more than a handful of her backers.

Additional reporting by PA.